← Back to recommendations
Foundation

Counting, Quantifying and Number Recognition

Recognise, count, and match quantities to numerals.

In a nutshell

The ENSSA Numeral–Quantity Match task involves recognising quantities shown in structured or unstructured arrangements and linking them to numerals. Although the screening task focuses on numeral–quantity matching, follow-up instruction may need to strengthen a broader set of early number skills, including accurate counting, numeral recognition, subitising, groupitising, and matching quantities to numerals.

In Foundation, students develop subitising: instantly recognising small quantities, usually up to about 4, without counting-by-ones. With structured representations such as fingers, dice patterns, five-frames and ten-frames, students also begin recognising larger quantities by seeing smaller groups within the whole. As quantities become larger, students develop groupitising: recognising smaller groups or patterns within the whole quantity and combining them mentally.

These skills develop alongside counting and support later number understanding, arithmetic, and mental computation.

When students use groups to determine “how many,” the focus is quantifying. When students deliberately break a whole into parts or work out a hidden or missing part, see Decomposing Numbers.

This guidance is designed for classes where ENSSA results indicate a class-wide need to strengthen early counting, quantifying, numeral recognition, or numeral–quantity matching.

See also: Decomposing Numbers and Magnitude Comparison

Teaching guidance

For schools and teachers using Ochre curriculum materials

Choose the curriculum used by your school, then find the relevant Foundation or Year 1 resource.

This section is for teachers using Ochre units as part of Tier 1 mathematics instruction in Victorian Curriculum settings, including MACS and CESL schools.

Use Ochre unit lessons when students need teaching or reteaching. Use Ochre Daily Review when students have already been taught the skill and need practice, reactivation or fluency-building.

Step 1: Where does this sit in your teaching sequence?

If

The skill has not yet been taught and is coming up soon

Then

Let the scheduled Ochre lesson address it. Consider brief pre-teaching for students flagged by ENSSA.

If

The skill has not yet been taught and is scheduled much later this year

Then

Consider bringing the relevant lesson section forward for flagged students only — check prerequisite lessons first.

If

The skill has already been taught

Then

Go to Step 2 below.

If

The skill was taught a while ago, last term or last year

Then

Start with Daily Review as a quick reactivation and accuracy check. If students are still inaccurate, go to Step 2.

Step 2: How are students performing right now?

Use this once you’ve confirmed the skill has already been taught.

If

Students are inaccurate or unsure

Then

Use the Ochre unit lesson section first — not Daily Review.

If

Most students are inaccurate

Then

Reteach the relevant modelling/guided-practice section to the whole class.

If

A few students are inaccurate but most are secure

Then

Use the lesson section for small-group reteaching with flagged students only.

If

Students are accurate but slow or inconsistent

Then

Use Daily Review — do not run a full reteach.

Foundation

Build foundations for this skill.

3 resources
Unit Plan FN01V Counting and place value 1Use this when Foundation students are inaccurate or unsure counting collections, matching quantities to numerals, or recognising small structured quantities.
Open Ochre Foundation Mathematics page ↗
After logging in, look for

FN01V Counting and place value 1

Skill link

The closest Foundation Ochre unit for early counting, quantity, numeral recognition and subitising. Covers counting collections to 5 and 10, representing numbers on five-/ten-frames, matching collections to numerals, subitising, and comparing small collections.

Best section to use

Counting collections, five-/ten-frame representation, numeral matching and subitising lessons.

If…then decision
  • If students miscount collections → use the counting collections lessons.
  • If students can count but cannot match the quantity to a numeral → use the numeral matching lessons.
  • If students count every small collection one by one → use the subitising and five-/ten-frame lessons.
Unit PlanExtension FN03V Counting and place value 2Use this when students are secure with numbers to 10 and need teaching or reteaching with teen numbers and quantities to 20.
Open Ochre Foundation Mathematics page ↗
After logging in, look for

FN03V Counting and place value 2

Skill link

Extends counting, numeral recognition and quantity work to teen numbers and quantities to 20.

Best section to use

Counting, representing and matching numerals/collections to 20.

Use with care

Do not start here if students are not yet accurate with quantities and numerals to 10 — begin with FN01V.

Daily Review Number–Place Value Daily Review deckUse this when students have already been taught the skill and need short, high-response practice.
Open Ochre Foundation or Year 1 Mathematics page ↗
After logging in, look for

Daily Review Topic Deck: Number – Place Value

Skill link

Brief review of counting forwards/backwards, counting collections, five-/ten-frame representation, matching collections to numerals, subitising and reading/writing numerals.

If…then decision
  • If students are accurate but slow → use Daily Review.
  • If students are inaccurate → return to FN01V (Foundation) or 1N03V (Year 1) lesson sections first.

Year 1

Extend this skill through Year 1.

2 resources
Daily Review Number–Place Value Daily Review deckUse this when students have already been taught the skill and need short, high-response practice.
Open Ochre Foundation or Year 1 Mathematics page ↗
After logging in, look for

Daily Review Topic Deck: Number – Place Value

Skill link

Brief review of counting forwards/backwards, counting collections, five-/ten-frame representation, matching collections to numerals, subitising and reading/writing numerals.

If…then decision
  • If students are accurate but slow → use Daily Review.
  • If students are inaccurate → return to FN01V (Foundation) or 1N03V (Year 1) lesson sections first.
Unit Plan 1N03V Counting and place value 2, Lessons 1–2Use this when Year 1 students need teaching or reteaching with two-digit numerals and representations.
Open Ochre Year 1 Mathematics page ↗
After logging in, look for

1N03V Counting and place value 2, Lessons 1–2

Skill link

Supports Year 1 numeral recognition and quantity-representation links through reading/writing two-digit numbers and matching two-digit numbers to representations.

Best section to use

Lessons 1–2.

Coming soon

Intervention resources (Tier 2 & Tier 3)

Targeted supports for students or small groups when classwide teaching is not enough.